Location of 78th Street site with the survey area outlined in red. Note also the current location of the place named "French Village" at this time.

View of a test trench in October 2004.

Jim Yingst profiling the north end of Trench 3 North. The pre-settlement ground surface is located near the base of the test trench.

Detail of the early nineteenth century U. S. General Land Survey plat which clearly illustrates both Survey 574 and 725, adjacent to the "Grand Etang." This plat suggests that this Survey claim (Survey 574) was laid out adjacent to the timber/prairie border adjacent to a large backwater lake (the "Great Etang"), and immediately outside of the Cahokia common fields. At this date, Survey 574 was owned by Nicholas Jarrot. Jarrot was a wealthy French entrepreneur who had arrived in nearby Cahokia during the early 1790s. The "AP" designations on the surrounding quarter sections of land imply that those lands had already been "applied for" and/or improved on by the time the plat was drawn (U. S. General Land Office 1815).

Detail of Map of St. Clair County, Illinois (1863). Note the presence of Lambert Boneau's landholdings and the presence of a single structure (identified as "P.O." for Post Office) and the cluster of buildings immediately to the west of the project area. This area is identified as French Village.

Dark slipped, shell-tempered rim sherds recovered from Feature 15 (top); Black Sand Complex rim sherd recovered from Trench 4 (middle left); grit-tempered, cordmarked pottery recovered from Trench 4 (middle and middle right); brown slipped, shell-tempered body sherds recovered from Trench 13 (bottom center and bottom right).

Character of historic artifacts recovered from the surface of the 78th Street site (11S821) during backhoe trenching. The upper artifact is a dark blue transfer printed pearlware plate (dating from the late 1810s through middle 1830s). The middle row depicts transfer printed whitewares typical of the 1840s and 1850s. The lower row depicts a blue edge decorated bowl (with beaded rim) and a distictive annular decorated and finger trailed pearlware bowl. These artifacts, which are illustrated actual size, are all indicative of a pre-Civil War component.

Plan view of the north end of Trenches 2, 11, and 12 illustrating a complex of historic features (Features 2, 4, 5, 18, 22, and 23) and prehistoric (superimposed Features 3, 31, and 32) features. The historic features appear to document two episodes of construction. The earlier episode of features (as represented by Features 4, 5, 22, and 23) may represent an 1830s-40s building owned by the Boneau family and operated as a multi-purpose grocery/salloon, post office, and residence. The main structure, represented by Feature 22, was apparently replaced by a new structure (replaced by Feature 18) sometime during the later nineteenth century. This later component may represent the Lambert Boneau house, which persisted into the early twentieth century. Feature 23 appears to have been abandoned during the middle nineteenth century (circa 1850-60).

The glassware from the bar/saloon assemblage recovered from around Feature 4. This assemblage included fluted tumblers, handled beer mugs, and plain shot glasses.